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On Issues of the Journey of the Caoyun System:Time Limit, River Distance, Local Products / Wu Qi.
// Journal of Huazhong Normal University（Humanities and Social Sciences) 2013, Vol 52, N.5 p117-p124 漕运行程是整个漕事活动最重要的组成部分,也是朝廷着力最大、耗时最长、费资最多的环节,而清代漕运行程中的漕限、水程、土宜诸问题集中地反映清代漕运中的重大问题,即秩序、成本以及漕运与社会的交涉.清廷对于漕运各个环节的期限都做了十分具体的规定,并制定了一系列配套规制,漕限不仅维持漕船的有序行进与漕粮抵京,更重要的是保证每年周而复始的漕运秩序,秩序之于王朝的意义在漕运事务中体现无遗;清代漕运无论是江程抑或河程,“险隘处所”在在皆有,由此所导致的直接后果是漕运的高成本,集权政治具有强大的资源调配效能,但是其所造成的社会性消耗也是巨大的;而漕船附载“土宜”意在解决漕运人员的生计问题,但客观上引发了漕运人员沿途的商业贸易活动,并将漕运活动推入长江中下游尤其是运河一线的商业链条中,成为沟通南北物质交流的重要渠道.在社会变迁中,国家事务必然与社会发生深度的交涉与互动
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Study on Decision-making Mechanism after Disasters in the Qing Dynasty——Taking A Flood in Jingzhou in Fifty-three Years of Emperor Qianlong As A Case / Xu Shuang.
// Journal of Huazhong Normal University（Humanities and Social Sciences) 2013, Vol 52, N.5 p125-p132 本文以乾隆五十三年的荆州大水为例,通过分析中央和地方官员围绕水灾原因的争论和水利决策的形成过程,来探讨有清一代政府在水旱灾害过程中的决策形成机制,以此表明清代善灾决策的形成并非建立在制度化的信息搜集上,而是依靠政府官员的主观判断、情感取向和个人经验,而这些因素通常受到社会舆论和政治、经济等压力的影响,因此更多时候,善灾决策的形成并不是为了解决水旱问题,而是出于社会稳定和政治斗争的目的.而政府官员在水利决策过程中的信息缺失,暴露了清代荒政各种制度中对于信息搜集、监测和分析的缺失
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清代海疆政策与开发研究的回顾与展望 = On the Coastal Territory Policy and Coastal Territory Development in Qing Dynasty:Retrospect and Prospect. / Wang Rigen.
// Journal of Huazhong normal University. 2014, Vol. 53.
// 华中师范大学学报.人文社会科学版 2014, 第53卷 100-112 p. As to the study of the coastal territory policy and coastal territory development in Qing Dynasty,there are great achievements in such fields as:the overall coastal territory policy in Qing Dynasty,sea power,coast defense,ocean trade,ocean migration, industry development of the coastal territory,the bandits in Qing Dynasty, pirates and so on.However,there are obvious deficiencies in the study of coastal territory,for example:the separation of the early Qing and the late Qing,the ignorance of the important role of civic factor in the development of the coastal territory under the historical background of the world in the period of Qing Dynasty,failing to fully display the differences between the coastal territory policy and its practice,the dissevering of the policy study and the development practice study, the lack of the reorganization and translation of the foreign documents,and so on.In the future study, we should make more research in the progressive and limitations of the coastal territory policy,in the inheritance and update of the coastal territory policy to previous dynasties and in the characteristics of the role of civic force,etc.Emphasis should be put in the following aspects:immigration policy and the development of coastal territory,coast defense policy and coastal territory development study, assessing ocean industry under the coastal territory policy of Qing Dynasty and ocean behaviors of the state in Qing Dynasty.
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清代漕运行程中重大问题:漕限、江程、土宜 / 吴琦.
// Journal of Central China Normal University. Philosophy and social sciences. 2013, Vol. 52.
// 华中师范大学学报. 哲学社会科学版 2013, 第52卷 武汉 : 华中师范大学学报编辑部, 2013.tr. 117 - 124. 漕运行程是整个漕事活动最重要的组成部分,也是朝廷着力最大、耗时最长、费资最多的环节,而清代漕运行程中的漕限、水程、土宜诸问题集中地反映清代漕运中的重大问题,即秩序、成本以及漕运与社会的交涉。清廷对于漕运各个环节的期限都做了十分具体的规定,并制定了一系列配套规制,漕限不仅维持漕船的有序行进与漕粮抵京,更重要的是保证每年周而复始的漕运秩序,秩序之于王朝的意义在漕运事务中体现无遗;清代漕运无论是江程抑或河程,"险隘处所"在在皆有,由此所导致的直接后果是漕运的高成本,集权政治具有强大的资源调配效能,但是其所造成的社会性消耗也是巨大的;而漕船附载"土宜"意在解决漕运人员的生计问题,但客观上引发了漕运人员沿途的商业贸易活动,并将漕运活动推入长江中下游尤其是运河一线的商业链条中,成为沟通南北物质交流的重要渠道。在社会变迁中,国家事务必然与社会发生深度的交涉与互动。
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论朱彝尊在清代词坛的接受及其经典化过程=On the Acceptance and Canonization of Zhu Yizun in Ci-Poetry of the Qing Dynasty / 曹明升.
// Journal of Nanjing University: Philosophy, Humanities and Social Sciences 2015, Vol. 52, No. 6.
// 南京大学学报 : 哲学社会科学 2015, 第4卷 2015.123-135+157 p. By virtue of pioneering the theme of praising objects and pursuing elegant style in cipoetry,Zhu Yizun stood out in the transition from practical to ideological form in ci-poetry during Kangxi period in the Qing Dynasty.His talent and learning in creation,aesthetic pursuit of elegant style and dual identity as a scholar and a ci-poet conformed to the main trend in ci-poetry of Yongzheng and Qianlong periods;therefore Zhu Yizun became unquestionably a classic ci-poet in the climax of acceptance of the two Periods.The contention of thoughts in ci-poetry during Jiaqing and Daoguang periods generated an elaborative discrimination and rational evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of ci-poem composed by Zhu Yizun whose classic status survived rational examinations and multi-dimensional constructions.Zhu Yizun’s decanonization was due to the following fact:the changes of mainstream ci-poetry style into a depressed one
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