Dòng Nội dung
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Haile Sellassie I : the formative years, 1892-1936 / Harold G. Marcus.
Lawrenceville, N.J. : Red Sea Press, 1995.
xvii, 242 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., map ; 24 cm.



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How multilingual African contexts are pushing educational research and practice in new directions / Carol Benson // Language and education 2010, Vol24, N.4
2010
p. 323-336

A strong case can be made for developing more flexible and relevant multilingual strate¬gies for teaching and learning within the held of bilingual education. This paper aims to demonstrate how current linguistic and educational practices in countries like Guinea- Bissau, Mozambique and Ethiopia suggest new directions for research and practice. A practical approach is proposed to illuminate the gap between actual language compe¬tence on the part of primary students and teachers and the language competence to which their education system aspires. By applying known language and learning principles, policies and practices can be more realistically directed towards reducing this gap in the short, medium and long terms. This involves a reconstruction of multilingual pedagogy to capitalise on the strengths of learners, teachers and linguistic communities. Mean¬while, there is a need for more research on the following: (1) effective ways to assess multiple language competencies on the part of teachers and learners; (2) the relationship between learners’ multilingual oral competence and literacy; and (3) methodologies that facilitate transfer of skills and knowledge between languages. The implications are that language-in-education policy should be based on what is possible in each sociolinguistic situation and should be flexible enough to offer equitable opportunities for all

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