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Dòng
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Nội dung
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“Vi+了+O”的句法-语义特征及数量成分的制约作用 / 朴珍玉
// 汉语学习 ,Chinese Language Learning 2020(06) 中国 : 吉林省延吉市, 2020p.36-45 述宾结构"V+了+O"在以往研究中多作为黏着结构进行讨论。一般认为其宾语不能为光杆名词,最好是数量名形式。这是以及物动词为前提的研究,实际上,不及物动词满足一定的条件也可以带宾语,只是语义角色和外部形式有所不同。当"V"为及物动词、"了1"为体标记时,该结构强调"V"对"O"的"影响性",此时"O"须是有指名词,语法上采用有界形式,比如数量式;当"了1"为过去时标记时,该结构仅仅是对过去时间的客观叙述,对宾语不做要求,此时"O"可以是光杆名词;当"V"为不及物动词时,一般强调事件的结果义,"了1"和数量成分都强制使用。本文重点以不及物动词带宾语的存现句为例,提出作为下位事件,只有添加数量成分这种词汇—语法手段才能同时满足宾语的无定性和充当小句谓语的要求。有界化并不是结句的必要条件,一些特殊句式只有采用数量宾语形式才能成立。
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2
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“不由得(NP)不VP”句的构成、语义及形成过程 / 宗守云 No.1
// 汉语学习 2019.tr.13-20 "Buyoude(NP) bu VP" is a construction which contains cause, buyoude, NP and VP. In this construction, cause is prominent, human noun is only permitted, event verb is not permitted. "Buyoude(NP) bu VP" is a monoclause, but it’s from biclause.
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3
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“了1”和“了2”成句能力的制约因素 / 王珏, 黄梦迪
// 汉语学习 ,Chinese Language Learning 2020(01) 中国 : 吉林省延吉市, 2020p.3-13 Previous studies have suggested that the sentence-formation ability of "le1" is less than that of "le2", but the influencing factors behind are not involved. This paper attempts to explore the factors that influence theeir sentence-formation ability from the next four aspects, including semantic structure, syntactic level, mood structure as well as time-category absence, and then draws the conclusions as follows.（1） The difference in semantic structure determines that "le1" can only be selectively attached to the core predicate in the comment, while "le2" is almost unlimited.（2） "le1" is located at the lowest level of the comment and "le2" is located at the upper level of the comment, which determines that the former can only participate in the construction of syntactic structure while the latter can only participate in the construction of the comment.（3） "le1" can only form the phrase "VP+ le1" with the core predicate, but "le2" cannot participate in the phraseconstruction. It can only form the mood structure "VP+ le1" together with intonation and represent "mood + tone of voice" as the scope.（4） Mandarin is an aspect-prominent and tone-prominent language, and does not rely on the highly grammaticalized time-category system, which makes it difficult for "le1" to be directly and explicitly positioned to express the objective period, thus further affecting its sentence-formation ablity. In contrast, tone of voice of "le2" has no connection with time-category and is not affected by this. To sum up, the above four factors affect the ability of sentence-formation of "le1" and "le2" from micro to macro perspective in turn, resulting in the ability of sentence-formation of the former is less than that of the latter.
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“从XP出发,(S)VP”的语篇整合效应——来自隐喻、背景化的双重作用 / 江洪波
// 汉语学习 ,Chinese Language Learning 2020(05) 中国 : 吉林省延吉市, 2020p.41-55 In the textual structure of "cong XP chufa,(S)VP", the semantic structure can be summarized as two kinds: "starting point–end" and "cause–action". The former represents two successive displacement event clauses, which is lower integration; the latter is based on this mapping from spatial domain to logical domain, and finally integrated into a single event sentence with cause and action, which is higher integration. "cong XP chufa", which means preconditions and is placed at the beginning of the sentence, its background function is further strengthened, its predication is reduced, and its syntax is gradually reduced in rank; "(S)VP" means the conscious action taken by the actor on this cause. Comparing with "tongguo XP,(S)VP", this paper holds that both of them have similar textual integration effect and mechanism. Both of them are integrated by two clauses into a single event sentence with dependency.
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“哪怕”用法的范畴化现象 / 杨德峰, 范麾京
// 汉语学习 ,Chinese Language Learning 2020(06) 中国 : 吉林省延吉市, 2020p.17-25 Through the statistical analysis of corpus, this paper finds that there are categorization phenomena in the adverbs with "napa",the position of "napa" and the clauses "napa". The clauses with "napa" can express the unreal assumption and real assumption, the unreal assumption is a typical usage. "Napa" is most often connected by neutral clauses and negative ones, and they are a typical usage. In the constructions of complex sentences formed by "napa", some of the main clauses and subordinate clauses have forward restriction relations, some have reverse restriction relations, and some non-restriction relations. Moreover, the distribution of the three semantic relations is relatively balanced and there is no obvious tendency.
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