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Frequency effects in Subject Islands / Rui P. Chaves.
// Journal of Linguistics Vol. 55, Issue 3/2019 2019.p. 475-521 This work provides evidence that Subject Island violation effects vanish if subject-embedded gaps are made as frequent and pragmatically felicitous as non-island counterpart controls. We argue that Subject Island effects are caused by the fact that subject-embedded gaps are pragmatically unusual – as the informational focus does not usually correspond to a dependant of the subject phrase – and therefore are highly contrary to comprehenders’ expectations about the distribution of filler–gap dependencies (Chaves 2013, Hofmeister, Casasanto & Sag 2013). This not only explains why sentences with subject-embedded gaps often become more acceptable ‘parasitically’, in the presence of a second gap outside the island, but also explains why some Subject Island violations fail to exhibit any amelioration with repetition (Sprouse 2009, Crawford 2011, Goodall 2011); some ameliorate marginally (Snyder 2000, 2017) or moderately (Hiramatsu 2000, Clausen 2011, Chaves & Dery 2014), and others become fully acceptable, as in our case. This conclusion extends to self-paced reading Subject Island studies (Stowe 1986, Kurtzman & Crawford 1991, Pickering, Barton & Shillcock 1994, Phillips 2006), which sometimes find evidence of gap filling and sometimes do not.
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主谓句段的主语界定 = Subject in Sentence Segments of the SP Type. / Yang Guowen.
// Shijie Hanyu Jiaoxue. 2013, Vol. 27. 435-453 p. Lü Shuxiang proposed the theoretical model of sentence segments for Chinese language analysis in the early 1960s. According to the model,a sentence is formed by sentence segments; and a sentence segment of the SP type consists of the Subject and the Predicate. In this paper we try to present some criteria for identifying the Subject in sentence segments of the SP type with reference to the theory of SFG and some existing achievements in the field,especially the relevant analyses proposed by Lü Shuxiang himself. Like most languages,Chinese has its own basic sentence patterns for expressing processes of different types. The constituents of a basic sentence pattern have unmarked features in terms of information value,grammatical function and semantic role; hence,we can get the unmarked Theme and the unmarked conventional Subject in this way. The changes in the order of the constituents will lead to their non-conventional and marked features in the construction. If the conventional Subject is absent,an affected Complement or a Complement of Range,when occurring before the main verb,can be identified as the non-conventional Subject.
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