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指称关系和任意关系、差异关系——索绪尔语言符号观排除外在事物原因探究. /c屠友祥.
// Foreign language teaching and research. 2013, Vol. 45, No.3.
// 外语教学与研究 2013, 第45卷.第3期 2013.tr. 339-350. The reality Saussure mentioned is not what Benveniste understood as a thing in the objective world, but the linguistic fact in the consciousness of speakers, the psychological reality. Similarly, all the phonatory behaviors can become phonatory realities only when they appear in the acoustic image of speakers. Instead of investigating the reference relation between “word” and “thing”, Saussure focused on the arbitrary relation between “word” and “meaning” and the difference relation between "word” and “word”. The concept and the acoustic image are both the facts of pure consciousness, and can make up a totality, but such characteristics do not exist between the sound I image and the thing. The totality established by the relationship between the concept and the acoustic image is far more complete. The reality is the unity of a value, a unit, and an identity. The relation between the concept and the acoustic image is arbitrary. The arbitrary relation opens I up an infinite possibility for the linguistic sign. The difference relation between “word" and “word" has an unlimited potential for meaning and value, while the reference relation between “word” and “thing” ignores the relation between “word” and “word”, and therefore eludes the general law of signs. That explains why Saussure eliminated the thing and the objective reality from the linguistic semiology.
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