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Challenging cross-linguistic typology : Right-edge consonantal prominence in Kaqchikel / Kuniya Nasukawa.
// Journal of Linguistics Vol. 55, Issue 3/2019 2019.p. 611-641 It is known that consonants can act as boundary markers when they are located at the left edge of a prosodic domain, helping listeners to parse incoming speech. To achieve maximum efficiency in marking out boundaries, those markers should be acoustically salient. In Element Theory, domain markers are represented by the elements |H| and |ʔ|. Being inherently voiceless, these elements stand apart from the other elements, which are spontaneously voiced. Most languages show a preference for incorporating |H| or |ʔ| into segmental structures which stand at the left edge of domains. This paper challenges the universality of this view by analysing data from Kaqchikel, a K’iche’an language with a bias for marking the right edge of domains rather than the left. The marker in question is intense/prolonged noise which, in Element Theory is represented by |H|. The |H| element is present in fortis fricatives and aspirates, and in Kaqchikel it regularly appears in segments at the right edge of prosodic domains where it serves as a domain boundary marker. Boundary marking in Kaqchikel is analysed here using a Precedence-free Phonology approach to melodic structure (Nasukawa 2016) in which the linear ordering of segments is determined by the hierarchical organization of melodic units (elements) within a unified melodic–prosodic structure.
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Nghiên cứu đối chiếu thành ngữ so sánh trong một số truyện ngắn và tiểu thuyết tiếng Việt và tiếng Anh = Idiomatic similes in some English and Vietnamese short stories and novels: A contrastive study / Hoàng Cao Thắng, Đinh Thị Bảo Hương
// Tạp chí Khoa học Ngoại Ngữ Số 60/2019 tr. 3-15 Idioms, as a part of a language, are commonly used in not only daily communication but also literature and considered a valuable heritage. Therefore, idioms should be studied from different perspectives. In order to understand and use idioms properly, we need to be aware of not only their grammatical forms but also the elements of psychology, religion, culture and contexts of use. This study examines simile-based idiomatic expressions on the basis of linguistic and cultural aspects of English and Vietnamese. In doing that, the researchers attempt to find out the similarities and differences their use in fourteen English and Vietnamese short stories and novels. The findings are expected to help readers, to a certain extent, use idiomatic expressions properly in particular communicative situations.
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No argument–adjunct asymmetry in reconstruction for Binding Condition C / Benjamin Bruening.
// Journal of Linguistics Vol. 55, Issue 2/2019 2019.p. 247-276 The syntax literature has overwhelmingly adopted the view that Condition C reconstruction takes place in wh-chains for R-expressions contained within arguments, but not within adjuncts of fronted wh-phrases. At the same time, this empirical picture has been questioned by various authors. We undertake a series of grammaticality surveys using Amazon Mechanical Turk in an attempt to clarify the empirical picture regarding reconstruction for Binding Condition C. We find absolutely no evidence of an argument–adjunct distinction in reconstruction for Binding Condition C. Neither arguments nor adjuncts reconstruct for Condition C. We suggest that those speakers who report such a contrast (linguists, primarily) are following a pragmatic bias, and not Condition C. While we do not find reconstruction of dependents of fronted NPs for Binding Condition C, we do find reconstruction of fronted PPs. That is, the NP complement of a fronted P must reconstruct for Binding Condition C. The literature also finds reconstruction of NP complements of verbs and adjectives. This means that fronted Ns are special in not requiring reconstruction of their arguments and adjuncts. We suggest that, syntactically, arguments of Ns are treated as adjuncts: semantic arguments simply adjoin in the same manner as true adjuncts. Syntactic adjuncts can be left out of lower copies in chains, something that we suggest follows from a left-to-right syntactic derivation plus an economy condition on copying.
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Raising and long-distance agreement in Passamaquoddy : A unified analysis / Phillip S. Lesourd.
// Journal of Linguistics Vol. 55, Issue 2/2019 2019.p. 357-405 This article presents an analysis of two constructions in the Eastern Algonquian language Passamaquoddy in which the position of the object of a verb of cognition (‘know’, ‘believe’, ‘remember’, ‘wonder about’, ‘suspect’) is linked, either by apparent raising or by apparent long-distance agreement, to a position within a clausal complement to the verb. The latter position may be arbitrarily deeply embedded. The analysis developed here, formulated in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, demonstrates that the two constructions in fact represent alternative realizations of identical argument structures for the verbs in question and that the apparent long-distance dependencies involved can be accounted for in terms of a purely local principle of argument selection.
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