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“I had the best of both worlds” : Transnational sense of belonging-Second-generation Korean Americans’ heritage language learning journey / Ahrum Jeon
// Language and Education Volume 34, 2020 - Issue 6 United Kingdom : Routledge, 2020p. 553-565 This study explores how a transnational sense of belonging is constructed within and through heritage language (HL) learning among second-generation Korean American adults throughout their life trajectories. Drawing from eight semi-structured interviews, I show how engaging in HL learning has situated these individuals within transnational social fields, where they, as children of immigrants, were consistently invited through the learning and use of HL to revisit an imagined Koreanness. From being forced speakers of an HL to being willing and inclined to speak it, my participants started to pursue a transnational sense of belonging as a response to the impossibility of being a full American. Findings from this study suggest that their HL learning trajectories, characterized by care and support from the wider immigrant communities, enabled them to become attuned to the broader transnational community while rearticulating belonging from both worlds. This study challenges the notion of transnational connection as a one-generation phenomenon and highlights the need for longitudinal research that can provide us with vital insights into the continuities of second-generation immigrants’ transnational connections.
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Emergent literacy instruction : ‘continua of biliteracy’ among newly immigrated adolescents / Anna Winlund
// Language and Education Volume 34, 2020 - Issue 3 England : Routledge, 2020p. 249-266 This article focuses on the instruction of recently immigrated adolescents with limited educational backgrounds who are developing emergent literacy. It is based on an ethnographic study conducted in a public Swedish language introductory class in 2017/2018. Its purpose is to investigate how the students engaged in literacy practices during the instruction, and how they were supported by their teachers. Empirical data, which included field notes, audio recordings, and interviews with students, were analyzed with the help of two dimensions of Hornberger’s continua of biliteracy, namely, the content and development of biliteracy. Analysis of the content of biliteracy indicated that students’ previous knowledge, as well as class field trips and tangible examples, served as important foundations for their instruction. Analysis of the development of biliteracy showed that the teachers’ engagement with the students’ diverse linguistic and other semiotic resources contributed to the students’ participation in literacy practices. While the framework applied to the data includes several dimensions of literacy, indispensable for research in this complex context, the analysis also illuminates the need for the inclusion of additional dimensions in order to account for the role of interpersonal relations.
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