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A further study on the interpretation of the Chinese temporal expressions qian and hou / WANG Canlong.
// Contemporary linnguistics. 2016, Vol.18, No.2. 2016176-193 p. This paper investigates the temporal interpretation of qian’front’and hou’back’ in Chinese. In Chinese the 2 lexical items qian and hou can be used to refer to not only the past, but also the future.These usages have been recently surveyed and analyzed by Cai(2012).According to these models,time is treated as either a moving object or 1 through which we are moving. Although these models can be applied to the analysis of the meaning of sentences.Time is a form of existence of all the things in the universe and the universe itself from a philosophical point of view.Human beings initially understand and indicate time through their observations of celestial bodies,the growth and death of the animated,and the position changes of the non-animated.Originally,time has no boundaries,but in people’s psychological world, time is generally devided into the past,the present and the future.The division is actually a reflection of human’s psychological boundary.Both the past and the future are relative to the present,and the present usually refers to the time of speaking.In fact,the 2 different Chinese lexical items qian&hou can be used to indicate either the past or the future as a result of a cognitive projection from their spatial domain to their time domain.Some of their spatial characteristics have a certain impact on their temporal ones.This paper shows that it is unmarked for qian to refer to the past and for hou to refer to the future whereas it is marked for qian to refer to the future and for hou to refer to the past.The distinction between the unmarked and marked usages of these two lexical items is very important in the study of the temporal indication of qian and hou,which was ignored by previous studies on the use of these 2 lexical items.This paper argues that the temporal interpretation of qian&hou is determined by many interconnected factors.In the last part of the paper,we make an analysis and interpretation of both the words with qian.
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