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语言竞争试说 = On language competition / 李宇明(LI Yuming).
// Foreign language teaching and research 2016, Vol 48, N.2 p212-p225 Language contact will cause language competition.Language competition exists in many aspects of language structure and language use,which can inspire language vitality and trigger language and even social conflicts at the same time.This article studies language competition from four perspectives of language structure,social function,the age of language users and geographical distribution.It is found that 1)language conflict is most easily caused by the way foreign words are translated and borrowed,the form of written language(alphabet)and the form of phonetic alphabet;2)the fiercest and the most concentrated domain of language competition is education,followed by mass media and family;3)the period of language activity is under age 40,which is also the period of active language competition;4)over the past 100 years the geographical distribution of the first language(including its variety)has remained nearly the same in the world,while the geographical distribution of the second language(including its variety)has changed dramatically,demonstrating that the domain of language competition over the past 100 years has mainly existed in second languages.More importantly,this article proposes a new theoretical framework of language planning to comprehensively study language competition,describe language vitality from more perspectives,and better explain and predict language contradiction and language conflict.It is expected that language planning can promote the harmony of language life and finally the harmony of human social life
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语言竞争试说= On language competition/ 李宇明, LI Yuming;General Administration Office,Beijing Language and Culture University.
// Foreign language teaching and research 2016, Vol 48, N.2 212-225+320p. 语言接触必然产生语言竞争。语言竞争存在于语言结构及语言应用的诸多方面,它可以激发语言活力,也会触发各种语言矛盾和社会矛盾。本文从语言结构、社会功能、使用者年龄、地理分布等四个维度来观察语言竞争,发现:1)最易形成语言矛盾的是外来词的译借方式、文字形体(字母表)及注音字母形体。2)当前中国的语言竞争最激烈也是语言矛盾最集中的领域是教育,其次是大众传媒和家庭。3)40岁以下是语言活跃期,也是语言竞争的活跃期。4)近百年来,第一语言(包括第一言)的全球地理分布基本没有变化,但第二语言(包括第二言)的全球地理分布却发生了天翻地覆的变化,这表明近百年来语言竞争的主要领域在第二语言层面。本文更为重要的目标是探索建立语言规划学的理论框架,以便更全面地观察语言竞争现象,从更多维度描述语言的活力状态,更好地解释和预见语言矛盾和语言冲突,希冀通过语言规划来促进语言生活的和谐,并最终促进人类社会生活的和谐。
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语言结构顺应视域下的涉外导游词翻译 / 张志祥.
// 语言与翻译, Language and Translation No 2. 2018. tr. 51-55 Chinese and English languages have different language structures. In order to facilitate the understanding of foreign tourists, the translation of tour guide presentations should conform to the expression and custom of English and make dynamic adaptation from the aspects of vocabulary, sentence and text. The adaptation of vocabulary conforms not only to the meaning, but also to the part of speech and the asymmetric structure of English;the adaptation of sentence conforms not only to the subject ... More
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