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Nội dung
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Building verbs in Chuj : Consequences for the nature of roots / Jess Ica Coon.
// Journal of Linguistics Vol. 55- Issue 1/2019 2019.p. 35-81. This paper offers an in-depth look at roots and verb stem morphology in Chuj (Mayan)
in order to address a larger question: when it comes to the formation of verb stems, what
information is contributed by the root, and what is contributed by the functional heads? I
show first that roots in Chuj are not acategorical in the strict sense (cf. Borer 2005), but must
be grouped into classes based on their stem-forming possibilities. Root class does not map
directly to surface lexical category, but does determine which functional heads (i.e. valence
morphology) may merge with the root. Second, I show that while the introduction of the
external argument, along with clausal licensing and agreement generally, are all governed
by higher functional heads, the presence or absence of an internal argument is dictated by
the root. Specifically, I show that transitive roots in Chuj always combine with an internal
argument, whether it be (i) a full DP, (ii) a bare pseudo-incorporated NP, or (iii) an implicit
object in an antipassive. In the spirit of work such as Levinson (2007, 2014), I connect this
to the semantic type of the root; root class reflects semantic type, and semantic type affects
the root’s combinatorial properties. This work also contributes to the discussion of how
valence morphology operates. In line with works such as Alexiadou, Anagnostopoulou &
Schäfer (2006), I argue that valence morphology applies directly to roots, rather than to
some ‘inherent valence’ of a verb.
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